Продать Bitcoin



bitcoin лого ethereum decred wikipedia cryptocurrency goldsday bitcoin tether apk Blockchain Interview Questions - Expert Levelcapitalization bitcoin

bitcoin multiplier

проекта ethereum

терминал bitcoin

ethereum blockchain cryptocurrency trading wallet tether china bitcoin bitcoin blockstream добыча monero miningpoolhub monero bitcoin golden bitcoin монеты bitcoin dump flash bitcoin bitcoin sha256 вложения bitcoin bitcoin биржи accept bitcoin bitcoin q

тинькофф bitcoin

bitcoin betting bitcoin fees bitcoin sportsbook multisig bitcoin bitcoin деньги

bitcoin tor

bitcoin gadget

bitcoin это bitcoin окупаемость

пицца bitcoin

bitcoin png автомат bitcoin blake bitcoin poloniex bitcoin ethereum клиент apk tether tera bitcoin банк bitcoin bitcoin криптовалюту bitcoin icon lootool bitcoin ethereum block bitcoin ne life bitcoin

bitcoin перспектива

nxt cryptocurrency bitcoin сигналы gek monero bitcoin обозреватель ethereum decred автокран bitcoin bitcointalk monero 999 bitcoin сети bitcoin технология bitcoin транзакция bitcoin bitcoin сети bitcoin получить кредит bitcoin взлом bitcoin cryptocurrency dash

explorer ethereum

ethereum динамика

кран bitcoin coinder bitcoin bitcoin история wallet tether 1080 ethereum miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin bbc doubler bitcoin bitcoin history ethereum обменять tabtrader bitcoin bitcoin song

multiplier bitcoin

scrypt bitcoin bitcoin тинькофф ethereum транзакции lamborghini bitcoin валюты bitcoin site bitcoin *****uminer monero

bitcoin price

ethereum api bitcoin ann bitcoin wmx bitcoin торги tether криптовалюта s bitcoin nicehash monero bitcoin клиент ethereum вывод обменник bitcoin monero gui торрент bitcoin rbc bitcoin пример bitcoin bitcoin paper bitcoin base flash bitcoin rpc bitcoin

иконка bitcoin

buy ethereum bitcoin автосерфинг bitcoin transaction скачать tether thumbs up

bitcoin видеокарты

автомат bitcoin bitcoin fpga видеокарты bitcoin

bitcoin core

sec bitcoin

bitcoin mail microsoft ethereum

100 bitcoin

обои bitcoin ethereum игра удвоить bitcoin

cgminer ethereum

monero free 1080 ethereum

bitcoin мошенники

bitcoin ios bitcoin greenaddress

solo bitcoin

bitcoin money

okpay bitcoin

сбор bitcoin bitcoin xbt Large Currency Holder Risksmay exist to some degree, Bitcoin seems unlikely to challenge the US Dollar as the leadingConsfree monero hashrate bitcoin bitcoin analytics ethereum russia

bitcoin android

bitcoin dark raiden ethereum paidbooks bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency

ethereum монета

masternode bitcoin конвектор bitcoin

bitcoin ads

bitcoin tm byzantium ethereum сша bitcoin Transportationзапросы bitcoin компания bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin установка bitcoin bitcoin курс

forecast bitcoin

знак bitcoin е bitcoin cryptocurrency exchanges bitcoin ebay ферма bitcoin

monero пул

twitter bitcoin bitcoin desk bitcoin bonus bitcoin click monero pools

alpha bitcoin

abi ethereum

bus bitcoin bitcoin валюты tp tether bitcoin доходность bitcoin minecraft кошель bitcoin асик ethereum reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin bit bitcoin валюты 2016 bitcoin ethereum frontier серфинг bitcoin ethereum debian vpn bitcoin bitcoin команды delphi bitcoin For example, imagine that John (who lives in the UK) wanted to send Bob (who lives in Kenya) some funds. If using a bank, it would:qr bitcoin monero биржи счет bitcoin

займ bitcoin

проверить bitcoin bitcoin swiss автосерфинг bitcoin запрет bitcoin cryptocurrency dash bitcoin это bitcoin doge

Click here for cryptocurrency Links

Crypto-anarchism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. (August 2020)
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2020)
This article relies too much on references to primary sources. (August 2020)
This article possibly contains original research. (January 2021)
Part of the Politics series on
Anarchism
"Circle-A" anarchy symbol
Schools of thought
TheoryPractice
People
Issues
History
Culture
Economics
By region
Lists
Related topics
BlackFlagSymbol.svg Anarchism portal
A coloured voting box.svg Politics portal
vte
Part of a series on
Libertarianism
Origins
Concepts
People
Related topics
2006 AEGold Proof Obv.png Libertarianism portal
BlackFlagSymbol.svg Anarchism portal
vte
Crypto-anarchism (or crypto-anarchy) is a political ideology focusing on protection of privacy, political freedom and economic freedom, the adherents of which use cryptographic software for confidentiality and security while sending and receiving information over computer networks.

By using cryptographic software, the association between the identity of a certain user or organization and the pseudonym they use is made difficult to find, unless the user reveals the association. It is difficult to say which country's laws will be ignored[clarification needed], as even the location of a certain participant is unknown. However, participants may in theory voluntarily create new laws using smart contracts or, if the user is pseudonymous, depend on online reputation.[original research?]


Contents
1 Origin
2 Terminology
3 Motives
3.1 Cryptography and law
4 Plausible deniability
5 Anonymous trading
6 See also
7 Notes
7.1 Works cited
8 Further reading
Origin
In his 1988 "Crypto Anarchist Manifesto", Timothy C. May introduced the basic principles of crypto-anarchism, encrypted exchanges ensuring total anonymity, total freedom of speech, and total freedom to trade – with foreseeable hostility coming from States.

Terminology
"Crypto-" comes from the Ancient Greek κρυπτός kruptós, meaning "hidden" or "secret". Crypto-anarchism refers to anarchist politics founded on cryptographic methods, as well as a form of anarchism that operates in secret.

Motives
One motive of crypto-anarchists is to defend against surveillance of computer networks communication. Crypto-anarchists try to protect against government mass surveillance, such as PRISM, Tempora, telecommunications data retention, the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, Room 641A, the FRA and so on. Crypto-anarchists consider the development and use of cryptography to be the main defense against such problems.

A second concern is evasion of censorship, particularly Internet censorship, on the grounds of freedom of expression. The programs used by crypto-anarchists often make it possible to both publish and read information off the internet or other computer networks anonymously. For example, Tor, I2P, Freenet and many similar networks allow for anonymous "hidden" webpages accessible only by users of these programs, while projects like Bitmessage allow for anonymous messaging system intended to be a substitute for email. This helps whistleblowers and political opposition in oppressive nations to spread their information.

A third reason is to build and participate in counter economics, which includes development of viable alternatives to banking systems, and development of alternative financial systems which provide the user with options for greater privacy or anonymity. Services like Silk Road and Black Market Reloaded made it possible to trade goods and services with little interference from the law. These are examples of centralized, and thus vulnerable, marketplaces, or tools. Similarly, web wallets employed by some Bitcoin users are also centralized and vulnerable. Decentralized and distributed marketplaces and currency exchanges are more difficult to target by law enforcement agencies and may provide more security to its end-users. An example of a decentralized and distributed marketplace in development is OpenBazaar or Particl.

The technical challenge in developing and maintaining these cryptographic systems is tremendous, which causes some programmers to be interested in joining such projects.

Cryptography and law
Crypto-anarchists argue that without encryption abilities, messages, personal information, and private life would be seriously damaged. They argue that a ban on cryptography is equal to the eradication of secrecy of correspondence. They argue that only a draconian police-state would criminalize cryptography. It is already illegal to use it in some countries, and export laws are restrictive in others. Citizens in the United Kingdom must, upon request, give keys for decryption of personal systems to authorities. Failing to do this can result in imprisonment for up to two years, without evidence of other criminal activity.

This legislative key-surrender tactic can be circumvented using automatic rekeying of secure channels through rapid generation of new, unrelated public and private keys at short intervals. Following rekeying, the old keys can be deleted, rendering previously used keys inaccessible to the end-user, and thus removing the user's ability to disclose the old key, even if they are willing to do so. Technologies enabling this sort of rapidly rekeyed encryption include public-key cryptography, hardware PRNGs, perfect forward secrecy, and opportunistic encryption. Many apps commonly in use today on mobile devices around the world employ such encryption. The only ways to stop this sort of cryptography is to ban it completely (any such ban would be unenforceable for any government that is not totalitarian, as it would result in massive invasions of privacy, such as blanket permission for physical searches of all computers at random intervals), or otherwise raise barriers to its practical use (be they technological or legal). Such barriers represent a difficulty and risk to the users of such cryptographic technology which would limit and potentially prevent its widespread adoption. Generally, it is the threat of prosecution which limits the use and proliferation of a technology more so than the ease-of-use of a technology in and of itself.

Crypto-anarchism is an ideology that seeks to create and deploy information infrastructure that, by design, is unable to comply with authoritarian requests to break the participating individuals' secrecy of correspondence.

Plausible deniability
Crypto-anarchism relies heavily on plausible deniability to avoid censorship. Crypto-anarchists create this deniability by sending encrypted messages to interlinked proxies in computer networks. A payload of routing information is bundled with the message; the message is encrypted with each one of the proxies', and the receiver's, public keys. Each node can only decrypt its own part of the message, and only obtain the information intended for itself. That is, from which node it got the message, and to which node it should deliver the message. With only access to this information, it is thought to be very difficult for nodes in the network to know what information they are carrying or who is communicating with whom. Peers can protect their identities from each other's by using rendevouz onions or similar, digital signatures, etc. Who originally sent the information and who is the intended receiver is considered infeasible to detect, unless the peers themselves collaborate to reveal this information. See mix networks, onion routing and anonymous P2P for more information.

Anonymizing communication protocols makes it difficult to know who is connected to any particular service or pseudonym. It is difficult to stop any potential criminal activity in the network without enforcing a ban on strong cryptography.

Deniable encryption and anonymizing networks can be used to avoid being detected while sharing illegal or sensitive information that users are too afraid to share without any protection of their identity. The information being shared could be anything from anti-state propaganda, whistleblowing, organization of narcotics distribution, illegal *****ographic content, distribution of reports from political dissidents, anonymous monetary transactions, etc. The act of making available a communication medium that can not be regulated at all, is the political action of crypto-anarchism. The idea is that corrupt authorities will become undermined by the peoples ability to freely communicate with each other, and to organize without the authorities ability to intervene.

Anonymous trading
Untraceable, privately issued electronic money and anonymous Internet banking exists in these networks. In the past, this was handled only by centralized organizations. Digital Monetary Trust and Yodelbank were examples of two such anonymous banks that were later put offline by their creators. Ukash is an e-money network. Cash in amounts up to £500/€750 can be swapped for a 19-digit Ukash voucher in payment terminals and retail outlets.

Bitcoin is a currency generated and secured by peer-to-peer networked devices that maintain a communal record of all transactions within the system that can be used in a crypto-anarchic context. The idea behind bitcoin can be traced to The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto. There exist a large number of altcoins, some of which have opaque ledgers such that transactions between peers can be untraceable (the first protocol for this is known as the Zerocoin protocol, see also Monero). Some altcoin currencies also act as decentralized autonomous organizations, or act as platforms for enabling such organizations.

Silk Road was the first anonymous crypto-market. It operated using the Tor network and all transactions used bitcoin. It was shut down by the FBI in 2013. Silkroad was quickly replaced by other cryptomarkets and today there are several competing markets operating in parallel.

OpenBazaar is an open source project developing a protocol for e-commerce transactions in a fully decentralized marketplace. It uses the cryptocurrency bitcoin and was inspired by a hackathon project called DarkMarket.

Anonymous trading is easier to achieve for information services that can be provided over the Internet. Providing physical products is more difficult as the anonymity is more easily broken when crossing into the physical world: The vendor needs to know where to send the physical goods. Untraceable money makes it possible to ignore some of the laws of the physical world, as the laws cannot be enforced without knowing people's physical identities. For instance, tax on income for online services provided via the crypto-anarchists networks can be avoided if no government knows the identity of the service provider.

Assassination Market was a Tor-based market operated by a self-described crypto-anarchist going by the pseudonym Kuwabatake Sanjuro.

In The Cyphernomicon, Timothy C. May suggests that crypto-anarchism qualifies as a form of anarcho-capitalism:
What emerges from this is unclear, but I think it will be a form of anarcho-capitalist market system I call "crypto-anarchy."

Another quote in the cyphernomicon defines crypto-anarchism. Under the title "What is Crypto Anarchy?", May writes:

Some of us believe various forms of strong cryptography will cause the power of the state to decline, perhaps even collapse fairly abruptly. We believe the expansion into cyberspace, with secure communications, digital money, anonymity and pseudonymity, and other crypto-mediated interactions, will profoundly change the nature of economies and social interactions. Governments will have a hard time collecting taxes, regulating the behavior of individuals and corporations (small ones at least), and generally coercing folks when it can't even tell what continent folks are on!



bitcoin 100 2x bitcoin

bitcoin plus

рейтинг bitcoin выводить bitcoin accept bitcoin bitcoin unlimited fox bitcoin bitcoin банк bitcoin bcn bitcoin ann bitcoin видеокарта bitcoin сайты bitcoin курс bitcoin развитие сделки bitcoin приложение tether game bitcoin ethereum crane ethereum stats bitcoin difficulty ethereum валюта отзыв bitcoin

zona bitcoin

bitcoin office bitcoin half Bitcoin market pricebitcoin quotes bitcoin registration boom bitcoin

bitcoin value

bitcoin mine bitcoin мерчант bitcoin eu контракты ethereum So then it follows that if gold and silver are not perfect money (though admittedly the best we’ve had), perhaps mankind could discover or invent something that was even better. This is the Bitcoin experiment — the question of whether Bitcoin, with its specific attributes, is an even better form of money than what the marketplace currently enjoys (or in the case of state fiat, is forced to use). If the Austrians are right, and a marketplace tends to chose the medium of exchange which best works as money, and Bitcoin’s specific attributes make it excellent money, then perhaps the marketplace will, over time, increasingly use it for such.pay bitcoin bitmakler ethereum bitcoin visa bitcoin dogecoin

cubits bitcoin

bitcoin генератор bitcoin bcc ethereum обменять bitcoin mainer китай bitcoin

bitcoin гарант

monero fork bitcoin girls курс bitcoin bear bitcoin ethereum install bitcoin иконка проверить bitcoin

бутерин ethereum

dark bitcoin bitcoin node wmz bitcoin генераторы bitcoin x bitcoin bitcoin client check bitcoin обменник ethereum криптовалют ethereum bitcoin stock инструкция bitcoin криптовалют ethereum bitcoin register config bitcoin casinos bitcoin putin bitcoin проекта ethereum monero node wechat bitcoin 5 bitcoin cryptocurrency trading bitcoin лохотрон #12 AML and KYCIn the example given above, you will produce a successful hash on average every other try. You can even estimate the probability that a given hash attempt will generate a number below the target threshold. Bitcoin assumes a linear probability that the lower it makes the target threshold, the more hash attempts (on average) will need to be tried.Cold storage is an offline wallet used for storing bitcoins. With cold storage, the digital wallet is stored on a platform that is not connected to the internet, thereby protecting the wallet from unauthorized access, cyber hacks and other vulnerabilities to which a system that is connected to the internet is susceptible.bitcoin metal service bitcoin

bitcoin шахта

ethereum info difficulty monero bitcoin fpga bitcoin purchase bistler bitcoin monero pro bitcoin котировка bitcoin carding bitcoin utopia bitcoin оборот bitcoin bear maps bitcoin buying bitcoin bitcoin вектор bitcoin forum аналоги bitcoin bitcoin исходники flash bitcoin кредит bitcoin

cryptocurrency wallets

баланс bitcoin monero client bitcoin проблемы bitcoin goldmine адрес ethereum bitcoin автосерфинг bitcoin миксер bitcoin development значок bitcoin 600 bitcoin best bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin bitcoin euro is bitcoin bitcoin bitcointalk bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin кошельки bitcoin пицца форумы bitcoin опционы bitcoin bitcoin passphrase ethereum курсы bitcoin фильм neo cryptocurrency

cudaminer bitcoin

bitcoin список cryptocurrency forum бесплатно bitcoin bitcoin card wmz bitcoin keys bitcoin казахстан bitcoin total cryptocurrency bitcoin register If it’s knowledge you’re hungry for, several private and public universities as well as a couple of New York preschools accept bitcoin.

purse bitcoin

bitcoin bitminer инструкция bitcoin bitcoin bounty bitcoin betting bitcoin bonus вики bitcoin надежность bitcoin bitcoin habr

bitcoin пул

bitcoin котировка bitcoin q bitcoin pizza график bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin pools ledger bitcoin system bitcoin cryptocurrency logo бот bitcoin bitcoin linux cnbc bitcoin ротатор bitcoin ethereum rub q bitcoin ethereum classic usb tether bitcoin office bitcoin friday bitcoin asic ethereum addresses bitcoin converter ethereum calc monero price bitcoin legal bitcoin heist wmx bitcoin mac bitcoin ethereum contract автокран bitcoin cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin server currency bitcoin обои bitcoin ico monero 15 bitcoin bitcoin take asics bitcoin сборщик bitcoin se*****256k1 ethereum

ethereum dao

bitcoin миксеры why cryptocurrency токен bitcoin использование bitcoin bitcoin аналоги map bitcoin ethereum аналитика bitcoin шахты динамика ethereum bitcoin song pos bitcoin bitcoin hardfork

avatrade bitcoin

bitcoin компьютер multisig bitcoin monero купить bitcoin пузырь

разработчик bitcoin

что bitcoin приложение tether The way Litecoin makes sure there is only one blockchain is by making blocks really hard to produce. So instead of just being able to make blocks at will, miners have to produce a cryptographic hash of the block that meets certain criteria, and the only way to find one is to try computing many of them until you get lucky and find one that works. This process is referred to as hashing. The miner that successfully creates a block is rewarded with 12.5 freshly minted litecoins.bitcoin москва fun bitcoin second bitcoin bitcoin people видеокарты bitcoin bubble bitcoin ico cryptocurrency приложение tether reward bitcoin game bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin landing mining bitcoin exchanges bitcoin

blocks bitcoin

bitcoin air bitcoin poloniex bitcoin blender bcc bitcoin dark bitcoin транзакции bitcoin iphone bitcoin

windows bitcoin

bitcoin foto

ютуб bitcoin

bitcoin эмиссия индекс bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin описание Litecoin's price at the time of writing is just under $180, down precipitously from a high of $420 in December, but orders of magnitude above the sub-$4 levels it traded at 12 months ago. According to BitInfoCharts, average transaction fees in dollar terms are much lower ($0.25) than those for bitcoin ($11.30). With a new block mined every 2.5 minutes – four times faster than bitcoin – litecoin transactions require much less time to gain confirmations. Litecoin can hardly claim to have scaled the way that centralized payment systems like Visa have, but Lee's claim to have created the 'silver to Bitcoin's gold' has some merit to it.cryptocurrency wallets bitcoin blog bitcoin форумы ethereum btc bitcoin смесители bitcoin compromised kraken bitcoin bitcoin express bitcoin добыча ethereum faucet скачать bitcoin

bitcoin карта

solidity ethereum bitcoin generator майнить bitcoin red bitcoin смесители bitcoin

bitcoin онлайн

bitcoin установка

bitcoin server currency bitcoin ava bitcoin компания bitcoin ethereum алгоритмы oil bitcoin bitcoin стратегия bitcoin bloomberg цена bitcoin bitcoin bow фермы bitcoin network bitcoin bitcoin joker bitcoin сервисы

инвестиции bitcoin

p2pool bitcoin

telegram bitcoin forbot bitcoin mac bitcoin bitcoin fpga tether 2 обменять ethereum ethereum node ethereum краны ethereum ферма

analysis bitcoin

kran bitcoin bitcoin 4000 bitcoin code golden bitcoin bitcoin s capitalization cryptocurrency lamborghini bitcoin ethereum монета ethereum vk ethereum сложность сложность monero cz bitcoin wiki bitcoin добыча bitcoin 60 bitcoin

bitcoin synchronization

ethereum контракт fast bitcoin видеокарты ethereum bitcoin вконтакте bitcoin nedir форк bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin rigname ethereum ethereum mine q bitcoin auction bitcoin sec bitcoin bitcoin новости

galaxy bitcoin

бумажник bitcoin

bitcoin мастернода Mined bitcoinsHailed as a crypto haven of the world, Singapore has embraced an innovative approach toward cryptocurrency and blockchain, thanks to the leadership of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). In January 2020, the MAS announced a new regulatory framework to cover all Singapore-based crypto businesses and exchanges under anti-money laundering and counterrorist-financing rules. It later added a six-month grace period of license exemption for a number of crypto companies such as Binance, Coinbase, Gemini and Bitstamp.Buying ether in personbitcoin gold bitcoin symbol Understanding cryptocurrency properties